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Figure one demonstrates the sawtooth modulated FMCW radar principle, from there time offset and frequency shift between received(blue) and transmitted(orange) signal can be obtained. Using FMCW radar, the target distance can be determined with high accuracy. Target distance is linear to the frequency shift (delta f in the graph above)and a greater difference in frequency refers to a high range. The frequency shift information is extracted by performing Fourier transform on digitalized data and the target range can be determined from the spectrum.
f= (B* 2R)/(T*c)